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DC
1"""
2This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
3import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
4placed in this module and only imported as needed.
5"""
6import contextlib
7import math
8import os
9import sys
10import time
11import typing as t
12from gettext import gettext as _
13from io import StringIO
14from types import TracebackType
15
16from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
17from ._compat import CYGWIN
18from ._compat import get_best_encoding
19from ._compat import isatty
20from ._compat import open_stream
21from ._compat import strip_ansi
22from ._compat import term_len
23from ._compat import WIN
24from .exceptions import ClickException
25from .utils import echo
26
27V = t.TypeVar("V")
28
29if os.name == "nt":
30 BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
31 AFTER_BAR = "\n"
32else:
33 BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
34 AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
35
36
37class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
38 def __init__(
39 self,
40 iterable: t.Optional[t.Iterable[V]],
41 length: t.Optional[int] = None,
42 fill_char: str = "#",
43 empty_char: str = " ",
44 bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
45 info_sep: str = " ",
46 show_eta: bool = True,
47 show_percent: t.Optional[bool] = None,
48 show_pos: bool = False,
49 item_show_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Optional[V]], t.Optional[str]]] = None,
50 label: t.Optional[str] = None,
51 file: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
52 color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
53 update_min_steps: int = 1,
54 width: int = 30,
55 ) -> None:
56 self.fill_char = fill_char
57 self.empty_char = empty_char
58 self.bar_template = bar_template
59 self.info_sep = info_sep
60 self.show_eta = show_eta
61 self.show_percent = show_percent
62 self.show_pos = show_pos
63 self.item_show_func = item_show_func
64 self.label: str = label or ""
65
66 if file is None:
67 file = _default_text_stdout()
68
69 # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
70 # pythonw on Windows.
71 if file is None:
72 file = StringIO()
73
74 self.file = file
75 self.color = color
76 self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
77 self._completed_intervals = 0
78 self.width: int = width
79 self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
80
81 if length is None:
82 from operator import length_hint
83
84 length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
85
86 if length == -1:
87 length = None
88 if iterable is None:
89 if length is None:
90 raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
91 iterable = t.cast(t.Iterable[V], range(length))
92 self.iter: t.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
93 self.length = length
94 self.pos = 0
95 self.avg: t.List[float] = []
96 self.last_eta: float
97 self.start: float
98 self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
99 self.eta_known: bool = False
100 self.finished: bool = False
101 self.max_width: t.Optional[int] = None
102 self.entered: bool = False
103 self.current_item: t.Optional[V] = None
104 self.is_hidden: bool = not isatty(self.file)
105 self._last_line: t.Optional[str] = None
106
107 def __enter__(self) -> "ProgressBar[V]":
108 self.entered = True
109 self.render_progress()
110 return self
111
112 def __exit__(
113 self,
114 exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
115 exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
116 tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
117 ) -> None:
118 self.render_finish()
119
120 def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
121 if not self.entered:
122 raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
123 self.render_progress()
124 return self.generator()
125
126 def __next__(self) -> V:
127 # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
128 # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
129 # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
130 # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
131 # twice works and does "what you want".
132 return next(iter(self))
133
134 def render_finish(self) -> None:
135 if self.is_hidden:
136 return
137 self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
138 self.file.flush()
139
140 @property
141 def pct(self) -> float:
142 if self.finished:
143 return 1.0
144 return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
145
146 @property
147 def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
148 if not self.avg:
149 return 0.0
150 return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
151
152 @property
153 def eta(self) -> float:
154 if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
155 return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
156 return 0.0
157
158 def format_eta(self) -> str:
159 if self.eta_known:
160 t = int(self.eta)
161 seconds = t % 60
162 t //= 60
163 minutes = t % 60
164 t //= 60
165 hours = t % 24
166 t //= 24
167 if t > 0:
168 return f"{t}d {hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
169 else:
170 return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
171 return ""
172
173 def format_pos(self) -> str:
174 pos = str(self.pos)
175 if self.length is not None:
176 pos += f"/{self.length}"
177 return pos
178
179 def format_pct(self) -> str:
180 return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
181
182 def format_bar(self) -> str:
183 if self.length is not None:
184 bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
185 bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
186 bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
187 elif self.finished:
188 bar = self.fill_char * self.width
189 else:
190 chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
191 if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
192 chars[
193 int(
194 (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
195 * self.width
196 )
197 ] = self.fill_char
198 bar = "".join(chars)
199 return bar
200
201 def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
202 show_percent = self.show_percent
203
204 info_bits = []
205 if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
206 show_percent = not self.show_pos
207
208 if self.show_pos:
209 info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
210 if show_percent:
211 info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
212 if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
213 info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
214 if self.item_show_func is not None:
215 item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
216 if item_info is not None:
217 info_bits.append(item_info)
218
219 return (
220 self.bar_template
221 % {
222 "label": self.label,
223 "bar": self.format_bar(),
224 "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
225 }
226 ).rstrip()
227
228 def render_progress(self) -> None:
229 import shutil
230
231 if self.is_hidden:
232 # Only output the label as it changes if the output is not a
233 # TTY. Use file=stderr if you expect to be piping stdout.
234 if self._last_line != self.label:
235 self._last_line = self.label
236 echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
237
238 return
239
240 buf = []
241 # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
242 if self.autowidth:
243 old_width = self.width
244 self.width = 0
245 clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
246 new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
247 if new_width < old_width:
248 buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
249 buf.append(" " * self.max_width) # type: ignore
250 self.max_width = new_width
251 self.width = new_width
252
253 clear_width = self.width
254 if self.max_width is not None:
255 clear_width = self.max_width
256
257 buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
258 line = self.format_progress_line()
259 line_len = term_len(line)
260 if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
261 self.max_width = line_len
262
263 buf.append(line)
264 buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
265 line = "".join(buf)
266 # Render the line only if it changed.
267
268 if line != self._last_line:
269 self._last_line = line
270 echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
271 self.file.flush()
272
273 def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
274 self.pos += n_steps
275 if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
276 self.finished = True
277
278 if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
279 return
280
281 self.last_eta = time.time()
282
283 # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
284 # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
285 # self.length.
286 if self.pos:
287 step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
288 else:
289 step = time.time() - self.start
290
291 self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
292
293 self.eta_known = self.length is not None
294
295 def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: t.Optional[V] = None) -> None:
296 """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
297 steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
298 position.
299
300 :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
301 :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
302 for the updated position.
303
304 .. versionchanged:: 8.0
305 Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
306
307 .. versionchanged:: 8.0
308 Only render when the number of steps meets the
309 ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
310 """
311 if current_item is not None:
312 self.current_item = current_item
313
314 self._completed_intervals += n_steps
315
316 if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
317 self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
318 self.render_progress()
319 self._completed_intervals = 0
320
321 def finish(self) -> None:
322 self.eta_known = False
323 self.current_item = None
324 self.finished = True
325
326 def generator(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
327 """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
328 during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
329 yielded block returns.
330 """
331 # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
332 # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
333 # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
334 # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
335 # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
336 # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
337 # order for that interface to work.
338 if not self.entered:
339 raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
340
341 if self.is_hidden:
342 yield from self.iter
343 else:
344 for rv in self.iter:
345 self.current_item = rv
346
347 # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
348 # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
349 # the update interval.
350 if self._completed_intervals == 0:
351 self.render_progress()
352
353 yield rv
354 self.update(1)
355
356 self.finish()
357 self.render_progress()
358
359
360def pager(generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
361 """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
362 stdout = _default_text_stdout()
363
364 # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
365 # pythonw on Windows.
366 if stdout is None:
367 stdout = StringIO()
368
369 if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
370 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
371 pager_cmd = (os.environ.get("PAGER", None) or "").strip()
372 if pager_cmd:
373 if WIN:
374 return _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
375 return _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
376 if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
377 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
378 if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
379 return _tempfilepager(generator, "more <", color)
380 if hasattr(os, "system") and os.system("(less) 2>/dev/null") == 0:
381 return _pipepager(generator, "less", color)
382
383 import tempfile
384
385 fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
386 os.close(fd)
387 try:
388 if hasattr(os, "system") and os.system(f'more "{filename}"') == 0:
389 return _pipepager(generator, "more", color)
390 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
391 finally:
392 os.unlink(filename)
393
394
395def _pipepager(generator: t.Iterable[str], cmd: str, color: t.Optional[bool]) -> None:
396 """Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a
397 pager through this might support colors.
398 """
399 import subprocess
400
401 env = dict(os.environ)
402
403 # If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
404 # condition that
405 cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit("/", 1)[-1].split()
406 if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == "less":
407 less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_detail[1:])}"
408 if not less_flags:
409 env["LESS"] = "-R"
410 color = True
411 elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
412 color = True
413
414 c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
415 stdin = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, c.stdin)
416 encoding = get_best_encoding(stdin)
417 try:
418 for text in generator:
419 if not color:
420 text = strip_ansi(text)
421
422 stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, "replace"))
423 except (OSError, KeyboardInterrupt):
424 pass
425 else:
426 stdin.close()
427
428 # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
429 # search or other commands inside less).
430 #
431 # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
432 # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
433 #
434 # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
435 # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
436 while True:
437 try:
438 c.wait()
439 except KeyboardInterrupt:
440 pass
441 else:
442 break
443
444
445def _tempfilepager(
446 generator: t.Iterable[str], cmd: str, color: t.Optional[bool]
447) -> None:
448 """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
449 import tempfile
450
451 fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
452 # TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates.
453 text = "".join(generator)
454 if not color:
455 text = strip_ansi(text)
456 encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
457 with open_stream(filename, "wb")[0] as f:
458 f.write(text.encode(encoding))
459 try:
460 os.system(f'{cmd} "{filename}"')
461 finally:
462 os.close(fd)
463 os.unlink(filename)
464
465
466def _nullpager(
467 stream: t.TextIO, generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool]
468) -> None:
469 """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
470 for text in generator:
471 if not color:
472 text = strip_ansi(text)
473 stream.write(text)
474
475
476class Editor:
477 def __init__(
478 self,
479 editor: t.Optional[str] = None,
480 env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, str]] = None,
481 require_save: bool = True,
482 extension: str = ".txt",
483 ) -> None:
484 self.editor = editor
485 self.env = env
486 self.require_save = require_save
487 self.extension = extension
488
489 def get_editor(self) -> str:
490 if self.editor is not None:
491 return self.editor
492 for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
493 rv = os.environ.get(key)
494 if rv:
495 return rv
496 if WIN:
497 return "notepad"
498 for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
499 if os.system(f"which {editor} >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0:
500 return editor
501 return "vi"
502
503 def edit_file(self, filename: str) -> None:
504 import subprocess
505
506 editor = self.get_editor()
507 environ: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
508
509 if self.env:
510 environ = os.environ.copy()
511 environ.update(self.env)
512
513 try:
514 c = subprocess.Popen(f'{editor} "{filename}"', env=environ, shell=True)
515 exit_code = c.wait()
516 if exit_code != 0:
517 raise ClickException(
518 _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
519 )
520 except OSError as e:
521 raise ClickException(
522 _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
523 ) from e
524
525 def edit(self, text: t.Optional[t.AnyStr]) -> t.Optional[t.AnyStr]:
526 import tempfile
527
528 if not text:
529 data = b""
530 elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
531 data = text
532 else:
533 if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
534 text += "\n"
535
536 if WIN:
537 data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
538 else:
539 data = text.encode("utf-8")
540
541 fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
542 f: t.BinaryIO
543
544 try:
545 with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
546 f.write(data)
547
548 # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
549 # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
550 # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
551 # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
552 os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
553 # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
554 # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
555 timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
556
557 self.edit_file(name)
558
559 if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
560 return None
561
562 with open(name, "rb") as f:
563 rv = f.read()
564
565 if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
566 return rv
567
568 return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n") # type: ignore
569 finally:
570 os.unlink(name)
571
572
573def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
574 import subprocess
575
576 def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
577 from urllib.parse import unquote
578
579 if url.startswith("file://"):
580 url = unquote(url[7:])
581
582 return url
583
584 if sys.platform == "darwin":
585 args = ["open"]
586 if wait:
587 args.append("-W")
588 if locate:
589 args.append("-R")
590 args.append(_unquote_file(url))
591 null = open("/dev/null", "w")
592 try:
593 return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
594 finally:
595 null.close()
596 elif WIN:
597 if locate:
598 url = _unquote_file(url.replace('"', ""))
599 args = f'explorer /select,"{url}"'
600 else:
601 url = url.replace('"', "")
602 wait_str = "/WAIT" if wait else ""
603 args = f'start {wait_str} "" "{url}"'
604 return os.system(args)
605 elif CYGWIN:
606 if locate:
607 url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url).replace('"', ""))
608 args = f'cygstart "{url}"'
609 else:
610 url = url.replace('"', "")
611 wait_str = "-w" if wait else ""
612 args = f'cygstart {wait_str} "{url}"'
613 return os.system(args)
614
615 try:
616 if locate:
617 url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
618 else:
619 url = _unquote_file(url)
620 c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
621 if wait:
622 return c.wait()
623 return 0
624 except OSError:
625 if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
626 import webbrowser
627
628 webbrowser.open(url)
629 return 0
630 return 1
631
632
633def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> t.Optional[BaseException]:
634 if ch == "\x03":
635 raise KeyboardInterrupt()
636
637 if ch == "\x04" and not WIN: # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
638 raise EOFError()
639
640 if ch == "\x1a" and WIN: # Windows, Ctrl+Z
641 raise EOFError()
642
643 return None
644
645
646if WIN:
647 import msvcrt
648
649 @contextlib.contextmanager
650 def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
651 yield -1
652
653 def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
654 # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
655 # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
656 # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
657 #
658 # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
659 # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
660 #
661 # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
662 # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
663 # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
664 # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
665 # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
666 # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
667 # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
668 # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
669 # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
670 #
671 # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
672 # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
673 # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
674 # character is typed.
675 # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
676 # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
677 # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
678 # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
679 # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
680 #
681 # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
682 # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
683 func: t.Callable[[], str]
684
685 if echo:
686 func = msvcrt.getwche # type: ignore
687 else:
688 func = msvcrt.getwch # type: ignore
689
690 rv = func()
691
692 if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
693 # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
694 # see above.
695 rv += func()
696
697 _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
698 return rv
699
700else:
701 import tty
702 import termios
703
704 @contextlib.contextmanager
705 def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
706 f: t.Optional[t.TextIO]
707 fd: int
708
709 if not isatty(sys.stdin):
710 f = open("/dev/tty")
711 fd = f.fileno()
712 else:
713 fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
714 f = None
715
716 try:
717 old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
718
719 try:
720 tty.setraw(fd)
721 yield fd
722 finally:
723 termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
724 sys.stdout.flush()
725
726 if f is not None:
727 f.close()
728 except termios.error:
729 pass
730
731 def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
732 with raw_terminal() as fd:
733 ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
734
735 if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
736 sys.stdout.write(ch)
737
738 _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
739 return ch