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1 """
2 This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
3 import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
4 placed in this module and only imported as needed.
5 """
6 import contextlib
7 import math
8 import os
9 import sys
10 import time
11 import typing as t
12 from gettext import gettext as _
13 from io import StringIO
14 from types import TracebackType
15
16 from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
17 from ._compat import CYGWIN
18 from ._compat import get_best_encoding
19 from ._compat import isatty
20 from ._compat import open_stream
21 from ._compat import strip_ansi
22 from ._compat import term_len
23 from ._compat import WIN
24 from .exceptions import ClickException
25 from .utils import echo
26
27 V = t.TypeVar("V")
28
29 if os.name == "nt":
30 BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
31 AFTER_BAR = "\n"
32 else:
33 BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
34 AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
35
36
37 class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
38 def __init__(
39 self,
40 iterable: t.Optional[t.Iterable[V]],
41 length: t.Optional[int] = None,
42 fill_char: str = "#",
43 empty_char: str = " ",
44 bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
45 info_sep: str = " ",
46 show_eta: bool = True,
47 show_percent: t.Optional[bool] = None,
48 show_pos: bool = False,
49 item_show_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Optional[V]], t.Optional[str]]] = None,
50 label: t.Optional[str] = None,
51 file: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
52 color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
53 update_min_steps: int = 1,
54 width: int = 30,
55 ) -> None:
56 self.fill_char = fill_char
57 self.empty_char = empty_char
58 self.bar_template = bar_template
59 self.info_sep = info_sep
60 self.show_eta = show_eta
61 self.show_percent = show_percent
62 self.show_pos = show_pos
63 self.item_show_func = item_show_func
64 self.label: str = label or ""
65
66 if file is None:
67 file = _default_text_stdout()
68
69 # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
70 # pythonw on Windows.
71 if file is None:
72 file = StringIO()
73
74 self.file = file
75 self.color = color
76 self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
77 self._completed_intervals = 0
78 self.width: int = width
79 self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
80
81 if length is None:
82 from operator import length_hint
83
84 length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
85
86 if length == -1:
87 length = None
88 if iterable is None:
89 if length is None:
90 raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
91 iterable = t.cast(t.Iterable[V], range(length))
92 self.iter: t.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
93 self.length = length
94 self.pos = 0
95 self.avg: t.List[float] = []
96 self.last_eta: float
97 self.start: float
98 self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
99 self.eta_known: bool = False
100 self.finished: bool = False
101 self.max_width: t.Optional[int] = None
102 self.entered: bool = False
103 self.current_item: t.Optional[V] = None
104 self.is_hidden: bool = not isatty(self.file)
105 self._last_line: t.Optional[str] = None
106
107 def __enter__(self) -> "ProgressBar[V]":
108 self.entered = True
109 self.render_progress()
110 return self
111
112 def __exit__(
113 self,
114 exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
115 exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
116 tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
117 ) -> None:
118 self.render_finish()
119
120 def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
121 if not self.entered:
122 raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
123 self.render_progress()
124 return self.generator()
125
126 def __next__(self) -> V:
127 # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
128 # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
129 # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
130 # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
131 # twice works and does "what you want".
132 return next(iter(self))
133
134 def render_finish(self) -> None:
135 if self.is_hidden:
136 return
137 self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
138 self.file.flush()
139
140 @property
141 def pct(self) -> float:
142 if self.finished:
143 return 1.0
144 return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
145
146 @property
147 def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
148 if not self.avg:
149 return 0.0
150 return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
151
152 @property
153 def eta(self) -> float:
154 if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
155 return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
156 return 0.0
157
158 def format_eta(self) -> str:
159 if self.eta_known:
160 t = int(self.eta)
161 seconds = t % 60
162 t //= 60
163 minutes = t % 60
164 t //= 60
165 hours = t % 24
166 t //= 24
167 if t > 0:
168 return f"{t}d {hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
169 else:
170 return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
171 return ""
172
173 def format_pos(self) -> str:
174 pos = str(self.pos)
175 if self.length is not None:
176 pos += f"/{self.length}"
177 return pos
178
179 def format_pct(self) -> str:
180 return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
181
182 def format_bar(self) -> str:
183 if self.length is not None:
184 bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
185 bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
186 bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
187 elif self.finished:
188 bar = self.fill_char * self.width
189 else:
190 chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
191 if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
192 chars[
193 int(
194 (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
195 * self.width
196 )
197 ] = self.fill_char
198 bar = "".join(chars)
199 return bar
200
201 def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
202 show_percent = self.show_percent
203
204 info_bits = []
205 if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
206 show_percent = not self.show_pos
207
208 if self.show_pos:
209 info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
210 if show_percent:
211 info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
212 if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
213 info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
214 if self.item_show_func is not None:
215 item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
216 if item_info is not None:
217 info_bits.append(item_info)
218
219 return (
220 self.bar_template
221 % {
222 "label": self.label,
223 "bar": self.format_bar(),
224 "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
225 }
226 ).rstrip()
227
228 def render_progress(self) -> None:
229 import shutil
230
231 if self.is_hidden:
232 # Only output the label as it changes if the output is not a
233 # TTY. Use file=stderr if you expect to be piping stdout.
234 if self._last_line != self.label:
235 self._last_line = self.label
236 echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
237
238 return
239
240 buf = []
241 # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
242 if self.autowidth:
243 old_width = self.width
244 self.width = 0
245 clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
246 new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
247 if new_width < old_width:
248 buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
249 buf.append(" " * self.max_width) # type: ignore
250 self.max_width = new_width
251 self.width = new_width
252
253 clear_width = self.width
254 if self.max_width is not None:
255 clear_width = self.max_width
256
257 buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
258 line = self.format_progress_line()
259 line_len = term_len(line)
260 if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
261 self.max_width = line_len
262
263 buf.append(line)
264 buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
265 line = "".join(buf)
266 # Render the line only if it changed.
267
268 if line != self._last_line:
269 self._last_line = line
270 echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
271 self.file.flush()
272
273 def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
274 self.pos += n_steps
275 if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
276 self.finished = True
277
278 if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
279 return
280
281 self.last_eta = time.time()
282
283 # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
284 # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
285 # self.length.
286 if self.pos:
287 step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
288 else:
289 step = time.time() - self.start
290
291 self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
292
293 self.eta_known = self.length is not None
294
295 def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: t.Optional[V] = None) -> None:
296 """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
297 steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
298 position.
299
300 :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
301 :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
302 for the updated position.
303
304 .. versionchanged:: 8.0
305 Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
306
307 .. versionchanged:: 8.0
308 Only render when the number of steps meets the
309 ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
310 """
311 if current_item is not None:
312 self.current_item = current_item
313
314 self._completed_intervals += n_steps
315
316 if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
317 self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
318 self.render_progress()
319 self._completed_intervals = 0
320
321 def finish(self) -> None:
322 self.eta_known = False
323 self.current_item = None
324 self.finished = True
325
326 def generator(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
327 """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
328 during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
329 yielded block returns.
330 """
331 # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
332 # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
333 # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
334 # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
335 # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
336 # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
337 # order for that interface to work.
338 if not self.entered:
339 raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
340
341 if self.is_hidden:
342 yield from self.iter
343 else:
344 for rv in self.iter:
345 self.current_item = rv
346
347 # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
348 # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
349 # the update interval.
350 if self._completed_intervals == 0:
351 self.render_progress()
352
353 yield rv
354 self.update(1)
355
356 self.finish()
357 self.render_progress()
358
359
360 def pager(generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
361 """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
362 stdout = _default_text_stdout()
363
364 # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
365 # pythonw on Windows.
366 if stdout is None:
367 stdout = StringIO()
368
369 if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
370 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
371 pager_cmd = (os.environ.get("PAGER", None) or "").strip()
372 if pager_cmd:
373 if WIN:
374 return _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
375 return _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
376 if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
377 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
378 if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
379 return _tempfilepager(generator, "more <", color)
380 if hasattr(os, "system") and os.system("(less) 2>/dev/null") == 0:
381 return _pipepager(generator, "less", color)
382
383 import tempfile
384
385 fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
386 os.close(fd)
387 try:
388 if hasattr(os, "system") and os.system(f'more "{filename}"') == 0:
389 return _pipepager(generator, "more", color)
390 return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
391 finally:
392 os.unlink(filename)
393
394
395 def _pipepager(generator: t.Iterable[str], cmd: str, color: t.Optional[bool]) -> None:
396 """Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a
397 pager through this might support colors.
398 """
399 import subprocess
400
401 env = dict(os.environ)
402
403 # If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
404 # condition that
405 cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit("/", 1)[-1].split()
406 if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == "less":
407 less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_detail[1:])}"
408 if not less_flags:
409 env["LESS"] = "-R"
410 color = True
411 elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
412 color = True
413
414 c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
415 stdin = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, c.stdin)
416 encoding = get_best_encoding(stdin)
417 try:
418 for text in generator:
419 if not color:
420 text = strip_ansi(text)
421
422 stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, "replace"))
423 except (OSError, KeyboardInterrupt):
424 pass
425 else:
426 stdin.close()
427
428 # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
429 # search or other commands inside less).
430 #
431 # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
432 # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
433 #
434 # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
435 # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
436 while True:
437 try:
438 c.wait()
439 except KeyboardInterrupt:
440 pass
441 else:
442 break
443
444
445 def _tempfilepager(
446 generator: t.Iterable[str], cmd: str, color: t.Optional[bool]
447 ) -> None:
448 """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
449 import tempfile
450
451 fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
452 # TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates.
453 text = "".join(generator)
454 if not color:
455 text = strip_ansi(text)
456 encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
457 with open_stream(filename, "wb")[0] as f:
458 f.write(text.encode(encoding))
459 try:
460 os.system(f'{cmd} "{filename}"')
461 finally:
462 os.close(fd)
463 os.unlink(filename)
464
465
466 def _nullpager(
467 stream: t.TextIO, generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool]
468 ) -> None:
469 """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
470 for text in generator:
471 if not color:
472 text = strip_ansi(text)
473 stream.write(text)
474
475
476 class Editor:
477 def __init__(
478 self,
479 editor: t.Optional[str] = None,
480 env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, str]] = None,
481 require_save: bool = True,
482 extension: str = ".txt",
483 ) -> None:
484 self.editor = editor
485 self.env = env
486 self.require_save = require_save
487 self.extension = extension
488
489 def get_editor(self) -> str:
490 if self.editor is not None:
491 return self.editor
492 for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
493 rv = os.environ.get(key)
494 if rv:
495 return rv
496 if WIN:
497 return "notepad"
498 for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
499 if os.system(f"which {editor} >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0:
500 return editor
501 return "vi"
502
503 def edit_file(self, filename: str) -> None:
504 import subprocess
505
506 editor = self.get_editor()
507 environ: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
508
509 if self.env:
510 environ = os.environ.copy()
511 environ.update(self.env)
512
513 try:
514 c = subprocess.Popen(f'{editor} "{filename}"', env=environ, shell=True)
515 exit_code = c.wait()
516 if exit_code != 0:
517 raise ClickException(
518 _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
519 )
520 except OSError as e:
521 raise ClickException(
522 _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
523 ) from e
524
525 def edit(self, text: t.Optional[t.AnyStr]) -> t.Optional[t.AnyStr]:
526 import tempfile
527
528 if not text:
529 data = b""
530 elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
531 data = text
532 else:
533 if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
534 text += "\n"
535
536 if WIN:
537 data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
538 else:
539 data = text.encode("utf-8")
540
541 fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
542 f: t.BinaryIO
543
544 try:
545 with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
546 f.write(data)
547
548 # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
549 # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
550 # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
551 # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
552 os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
553 # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
554 # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
555 timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
556
557 self.edit_file(name)
558
559 if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
560 return None
561
562 with open(name, "rb") as f:
563 rv = f.read()
564
565 if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
566 return rv
567
568 return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n") # type: ignore
569 finally:
570 os.unlink(name)
571
572
573 def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
574 import subprocess
575
576 def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
577 from urllib.parse import unquote
578
579 if url.startswith("file://"):
580 url = unquote(url[7:])
581
582 return url
583
584 if sys.platform == "darwin":
585 args = ["open"]
586 if wait:
587 args.append("-W")
588 if locate:
589 args.append("-R")
590 args.append(_unquote_file(url))
591 null = open("/dev/null", "w")
592 try:
593 return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
594 finally:
595 null.close()
596 elif WIN:
597 if locate:
598 url = _unquote_file(url.replace('"', ""))
599 args = f'explorer /select,"{url}"'
600 else:
601 url = url.replace('"', "")
602 wait_str = "/WAIT" if wait else ""
603 args = f'start {wait_str} "" "{url}"'
604 return os.system(args)
605 elif CYGWIN:
606 if locate:
607 url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url).replace('"', ""))
608 args = f'cygstart "{url}"'
609 else:
610 url = url.replace('"', "")
611 wait_str = "-w" if wait else ""
612 args = f'cygstart {wait_str} "{url}"'
613 return os.system(args)
614
615 try:
616 if locate:
617 url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
618 else:
619 url = _unquote_file(url)
620 c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
621 if wait:
622 return c.wait()
623 return 0
624 except OSError:
625 if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
626 import webbrowser
627
628 webbrowser.open(url)
629 return 0
630 return 1
631
632
633 def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> t.Optional[BaseException]:
634 if ch == "\x03":
635 raise KeyboardInterrupt()
636
637 if ch == "\x04" and not WIN: # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
638 raise EOFError()
639
640 if ch == "\x1a" and WIN: # Windows, Ctrl+Z
641 raise EOFError()
642
643 return None
644
645
646 if WIN:
647 import msvcrt
648
649 @contextlib.contextmanager
650 def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
651 yield -1
652
653 def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
654 # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
655 # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
656 # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
657 #
658 # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
659 # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
660 #
661 # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
662 # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
663 # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
664 # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
665 # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
666 # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
667 # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
668 # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
669 # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
670 #
671 # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
672 # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
673 # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
674 # character is typed.
675 # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
676 # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
677 # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
678 # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
679 # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
680 #
681 # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
682 # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
683 func: t.Callable[[], str]
684
685 if echo:
686 func = msvcrt.getwche # type: ignore
687 else:
688 func = msvcrt.getwch # type: ignore
689
690 rv = func()
691
692 if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
693 # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
694 # see above.
695 rv += func()
696
697 _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
698 return rv
699
700 else:
701 import tty
702 import termios
703
704 @contextlib.contextmanager
705 def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
706 f: t.Optional[t.TextIO]
707 fd: int
708
709 if not isatty(sys.stdin):
710 f = open("/dev/tty")
711 fd = f.fileno()
712 else:
713 fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
714 f = None
715
716 try:
717 old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
718
719 try:
720 tty.setraw(fd)
721 yield fd
722 finally:
723 termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
724 sys.stdout.flush()
725
726 if f is not None:
727 f.close()
728 except termios.error:
729 pass
730
731 def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
732 with raw_terminal() as fd:
733 ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
734
735 if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
736 sys.stdout.write(ch)
737
738 _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
739 return ch